舰用电磁炉灶抗冲击环境的设计与工程实践

为了将民用电磁炉灶应用于舰船环境,尤其是水下近距离非接触爆炸的诱发冲击环境,针对其环境适应性进行了重新设计.论述了舰用电磁炉灶抗冲击的设计要求,提出了舰用电磁炉灶抗冲击设计方法,并通过舰用电磁炉灶抗冲击试验验证了设计的合理性.     

论舰船装备倾斜和摇摆环境适应性与试验

倾斜和摇摆环境对一艘肩负作战任务的舰船来说是一种需经受的常态.由于倾斜和摇摆环境所产生的静态力和动态力会导致舰船装备故障(失效),因此倾斜和摇摆环境适应性是舰船装备必须具备的重要质量特性之一.论述了倾斜和摇摆环境特征,提出了倾斜和摇摆环境严酷度,给出了倾斜和摇摆环境试验方法.     

国Ⅲ柴油公交车尾气排放实际道路测试研究

应用车载式尾气排放测试设备对北京国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油公交车在实际道路上的尾气排放特征进行了实测研究,测试时间为10 552 s,行驶里程达到61.97 km,共获得10 552组有效数据,测试数据能够反映车辆在实际道路上的排放特征。车辆在实际道路上尾气排放NOx、CO、THC和PM的排放因子分别为14.12±2.54g/km、8.04±2.51 g/km、0.158±0.022 g/km和3.16±1.73 g/km。研究结果表明,油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高的排放速率。车速小于10 km/h时排放因子远大于车速较快时的排放因子,车辆在加速时的排放因子最大,减速时最小。车辆在30 km/h～50 km/h速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好。测试车辆排放的颗粒形态主要集中在累积模式,属于纳米或超细微粒。     

测定固体废物中总铬的前处理方法的探索

本文完善了电热板消解方法,增加了微波消解法.并将两者进行比对试验,实验结果表明对浸出液中总铬进行前处理消解时,电热板与微波消解法都适用,两种方法之间不存在明显的系统误差,准确度、精密度都符合质控要求.     

沂蒙山区不同覆被棕壤理化特征对径流溶解态氮磷输出的影响

以沂蒙山区的棕壤为例,利用野外原位模拟降雨试验,在分析荒草地、侧柏林、金银花、山楂园和花生地等5种典型覆被下棕壤坡地径流溶解态氮(DN)、磷(DP)输出特征的基础上,探讨了不同土地覆被类型下棕壤主要理化性质差异对径流DN、DP输出的影响.结果表明,在降雨强度(70 mm·h-1)、地形和植被覆盖度等条件较为一致的情况下...     

Safety and reliability assessment of external corrosion defects assessment of buried pipelines—soil interface: A mechanisms and FE study

Due to local liquid accumulation (AL) in the low-lying section of the buried natural gas pipeline, external corrosion will occur at the interface between the pipeline and the soil. External corrosion will produce pit defects, which will reduce the bearing capacity of the pipeline and affect the normal operation of the pipeline. In addition, corrosion group defects can interact with each other. Thus, the service life of the pipeline is seriously affected. In this work, a case of local corrosion failure of the pipeline caused by liquid accumulation on-site is presented. The importance of this work is verified by experiment and field excavation. Besides, based on the Mises-Stress yield criterion, nonlinear analysis was carried out with the finite element method (FEM). The effects of internal pressure, corrosion pit defect size, internal and external wall corrosion, corrosion pit group, and different types of volumetric corrosion pit defects on the failure of L360QS steel pipe were analyzed with consideration of the effects of axial and circumferential zones of corrosion pits. These correlations have not been seen in previous studies. The FE results make up for the disadvantage that the corrosion is simplified to equal depth corrosion in the code, which will underestimate the residual strength of the actual corroded pipeline and lead to unnecessary repair or replacement. The results provide a reference for failure analysis and strength evaluation of buried L360QS steel pipe with corrosion defect.     

复配型表面活性剂协同无机盐润湿煤尘性能研究*

为有效提高雾化降尘效率,以长焰煤为例,从接触角、表面张力静态试验和粒径测定、喷雾降尘动态试验角度切入,探究不同类型表面活性剂与无机盐的协同关系,进而优选出降尘效果最佳的配比方案。研究结果表明:阴与阴、阴与非、非与非离子复配型表面活性剂与无机盐之间均存在显著协同效应,且通过正交试验可确定协同效果最优的3组配方及其最佳浓度;对比清水,3组配方的平均粒径均有所减小,降尘效率均有大幅提升。综合优选出的最佳配比为质量分数0.08%的仲烷基磺酸钠、0.04%的曲拉通X-100和0.04%的氯化钙复合配制的溶液,该方案的全尘降尘效率为92.55%,比清水提升79.95%;呼尘降尘效率为91.27%,比清水提升82.36%。     

Effect of solid contents on the controlled shear stress rheological properties of different types of sludge

Controlled shear stress (CSS) test was used to study the effect of solid contents on the corresponding rheological parameters for sludge. Three types of sludge with or without conditioning, including activated sludge (AS), anaerobic digested sludge (ADS), and water treatment residuals (WTRs), were collected for the CSS test. Results showed that the yield stress and the cohesion energy of the sludge networks were improved with increased total suspending solid (TSS) contents in most cases. For the conditioned AS/ADS and the raw WTRs, exponential law was observed in the relationships between cohesion energy of material networks or yield stress and the TSS contents, whereas for the conditioned WTRs, only exponential law dependence was found between the parameters of shear modulus or critical strain and the TSS contents.     

海洋卡盾藻（香港株）溶血活性特征研究

研究了海洋卡盾藻香港株（Chattonella marina,Hong Kong strain,CMHK）在不同生长阶段和营养条件下的溶血活性特征.根据海洋卡盾藻的生长曲线,分别收集对数生长期、稳定期、衰亡期的藻细胞进行溶血毒性的测定;采用不同营养元素结构的培养基对CMHK进行培养,对不同培养条件下的藻细胞进行溶血活性...     

城市公交车在实际道路上的C O2排放特征

应用车载式尾气排放测试设备对北京国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ排放标准的柴油公交车和国Ⅲ排放标准压缩天然气公交车在实际道路上的尾气CO2排放特征进行了实测研究,测试时间为30 787 s,行驶里程达到168.58 km,共获得30 787组有效数据,测试数据能够反映车辆在实际道路上的排放特征。3种类型车辆测试期间在实际道路上的CO2排放因子分别为(1.10±0.24)g/m、(0.99±0.23)g/m和(1.02±0.21)g/m。车辆的排放状况与车辆的行驶工况有密切关系,车速较低,加速度越大,CO2排放速率和排放因子越大,车辆在匀速且车速较快时排放速率和排放因子较低。